What is the effect of smoking on oral health?

Smoking significantly impacts oral health by increasing the risk of both periodontal disease and oral cancer. The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke contribute to the destruction of gum tissue and the underlying bone supporting the teeth, leading to an increased likelihood of periodontitis, which is a severe form of gum disease. Additionally, smoking weakens the immune response, making it more difficult for the body to fight off infections in the mouth and further exacerbating periodontal issues.

In terms of oral cancer, tobacco use is a major risk factor. The carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke contribute to the development of cancers in various parts of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. Regular exposure to these harmful substances can lead to cellular changes and mutations that precede cancer development.

The other options suggest benefits of smoking or a lack of effect, which is contrary to extensive research showing that smoking has detrimental effects on oral health.