What is the likely cause of foreshortening in dental radiography?

Foreshortening in dental radiography is primarily caused by excessive vertical angulation of the x-ray beam. When the beam is directed at a steep angle, the resulting image compresses the long axis of the tooth, making it appear shorter than its actual length. This distortion occurs because the x-rays will penetrate the tooth at an angle rather than perpendicular to the film or sensor, leading to an inaccurate representation of the tooth's true dimensions.

Understanding the importance of correct vertical angulation is crucial for producing accurate dental images. When the angle is too high, the anatomical structures do not project correctly onto the film, which can significantly hinder diagnostic accuracy. Adjusting the vertical angulation to the appropriate level allows for better visualization of tooth length and other details essential for diagnosis and treatment planning.