What is the main cause of dental caries?

The main cause of dental caries is the presence of acid-producing bacteria that metabolize sugars. This process begins when dietary sugars are consumed; these sugars feed the bacteria in the dental plaque. As the bacteria digest the sugars, they produce acids as byproducts. These acids can demineralize the tooth enamel, leading to the development of cavities.

Over time, the repeated exposure to these acids can lead to significant tooth decay. Factors such as oral hygiene practices, diet, and the presence of certain bacteria can influence the severity of caries; however, the fundamental cause remains the metabolic activity of bacteria in the presence of sugar.

Fluoride is commonly associated with the prevention of dental caries, as it helps to remineralize the enamel and provides some protection against acid attacks. While genetics can play a role in an individual's susceptibility to caries, the direct causative agent is the bacteria that produce acid from sugar consumption. Excessive brushing, on the other hand, does not cause caries and can actually help reduce plaque accumulation if done correctly.