Which oral condition is characterized by swollen, bleeding gums?

Gingivitis is characterized by swollen, bleeding gums, typically resulting from the accumulation of plaque and bacteria at the gumline. This condition is considered an early and mild form of gum disease. The inflammation caused by the bacteria leads to the classic symptoms of gingivitis, which include redness, swelling, and discomfort in the gums, especially when brushing or flossing.

In the case of gingivitis, the inflammation can usually be reversed with proper oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease that can lead to tooth loss and other serious oral health issues.

The other conditions listed, while related to oral health, have different characteristics. Candidiasis is a fungal infection that can affect the mouth, presenting as white patches rather than swollen gums. Periodontitis involves deeper gum and bone inflammation, often with more severe symptoms than gingivitis, including bone loss. Halitosis refers to bad breath and is not specifically associated with swollen or bleeding gums.